Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitudes toward Thalassemia and Premarital Screening among Young Adults

Abstract

Thalassemia is among the most common genetic hemoglobin disorders and remains a major public health concern in Pakistan. Premarital screening is an effective preventive measure; however, its success depends on adequate public knowledge and awareness. This study assessed the knowledge, awareness, and attitudes toward thalassemia and premarital screening among young adults. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 165 young adults using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Data on demographic characteristics, knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and sources of information were collected. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were used for data analysis. Overall, 86.1% of participants had heard of thalassemia, 78.8% identified it as a genetic disorder, and 65.5% correctly recognized it as hereditary, whereas only 49.7% were aware that the disease is preventable. Positive attitudes toward premarital screening were observed, with 69.1% considering screening important before marriage and 65.5% favoring mandatory screening. Educational institutions (41.8%) and social media (37.6%) were the reported primary information sources. More than half (56.9%) of participants exhibited good knowledge, and no significant statistical relationship was observed between gender and knowledge level (p = 0.120). Young adults demonstrated generally good knowledge and positive perceptions toward thalassemia and premarital screening. However, important gaps in knowledge regarding disease prevention persist, highlighting the need for comprehensive educational and community-based awareness programs.